Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence

Class 7 English Grammar – The Sentence

1. We use words when we Speak.or write. We usually use these words in group in correct order.

The cat sat on the mat.
A group of words which makes complete sense, is called a sentence.
Thus a sentence is a group of words that are kept in a particular order to make a complete sense.

2. Sentences are of four kinds:



Those which make statements or assertions; as:
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall.
This is called a Declarative or Assertive sentence.
Those which ask questions; as:
What is your name?
This is called an Interrogative sentence.
Those which express commands, requests or entreaties; as:
Be quiet.Have mercy on me.
This is called an Imperative sentence.
Those which express strong feelings, as:
How warm the day is!
What a shameful behaviour!
This is called an Exclamatory sentence.
3. Every sentence has two parts!

Subject and
Predicate
When we make a sentence

We name some person or thing.
Say something about that person or thing.
In other words, we must have a subject to speak about and we must say or predicate something about that subject.
(a) So, the part which names the person or thing we are speaking about is called the Subject of the sentence.
(b) The part which tells something about the subject is called the Predicate of the sentence.
For example:
Subject             Predicate
Suresh               runs
Birds                  fly
Girls                   play
My brother      passed the examination
It                        is very cold today
The dogs          bark at night.

4. The subject of a sentence usually comes first, but occasionally it is put after the predicate also; as:

Here comes the bus.
Sweet are the uses of adversity.
5. However, in imperative sentences the subject is left out; as:

Sit down—Here the subject you is understood.
Thank him—Here too the subject ‘you’ is understood.
6. A group of words, which makes sense, but not complete sense is called a Phrase. In the following sentences, the groups of words in italics are Phrases. These usually do not have Subject or Predicate.

Honesty pays in the long run.
The sun rises in the east.
The Prime Minister’s post is not a bed of roses.
Show me how to do it.
It was a sunset of great beauty.
Exercise 1

Separate the Subject and the Predicate in the following sentences:

The boy stood on the last bench.
The singing of the birds
A good boy passed the examination.
It is very hot.
The cow gives us milk.
The earth revolves round the sun.
Edison invented the phonograph.
Delhi is the capital of India.
We cannot make the ocean diy.
No man can serve two masters.
Answer

Subject                                                                   predicate.
1. the boy                                                                   stood on the last bench.
2. The singing of the birds                                       makes me happy.
3. A good boy                                                               passed the examination.
4. It                                                                                is very hot.
5. The cow                                                                   gives us milk.
6. The earth                                                                revolves round the sun.
7. Edison                                                                      invented the phonograph.
8. Delhi                                                                        is the capital of India.
9. we                                                                              cannot make the ocean diy.
10. No man                                                                  can serve two masters.

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences by inserting a suitable subject

………………… bark at night.
………………… sets in the west.
……………… gives us milk.
……………..is cloudy today.
………….. fly in the air.
………………….sleep on the roof at night.
………………..am in a hurry.
.…………… opens at 10 O’clock in the morning.
.………….. are playing football.
………………….. greeted me with a sweet smile.
Answer

Dogs
The sun
The cow
It
Birds
They
I
This shop
Boys
He
Exercise 3

Put a suitable Predicate to complete the following sentences:

The moon …………….
The sun …………………..
The crow …………………..
The dogs……………………
The rose……………………..
Stars ………………………
Delhi ……………………………
Cows …………………………….
The door……………………………
The peon…………………………..
Answer

Appears at night
Rises in the east
Flies in the sky
Bark at the strangers
has a sweet smell.
look beautiful in the night.
is the capital of India.
give us milk.
was closed in the night.
has to work very hard.
Exercise 4

Name the type of sentences:

Please let me work.
The boys make a noise.
Stand up.
What a clever girl you are!
Were do you live?
What a horrible sight it was!
My father is a bank employee
Children like sweets.
Who is at the door?
Don’t make a noise.
Answer

Imperative sentence.
Assertive sentence
Imperative sentence
Exclamatory sentence
Interrogative sentence
Exclamatory sentence
Assertive sentence
Assertive sentence
Interrogative sentence.
Imperative sentence.

Words are divided into different kinds or classes.Words are divided into different kinds or classes.These are called Parts of Speech according to their use, that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. The Parts of Speech are eight in number:
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Verb5. Adverb 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection

I.The Noun

A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing.



Examples:

Ashoka was a great king.The rose smells sweet.
The sun shines bright.
I sit on the chair.
This is my pen.
India is a vast country.
Mount Everest is the highest peak.
Ramesh is my brother.
I always speak the truth.
Honesty is the best policy.
All the words in italics are nouns.
The definition of noun includes:
(a) all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch or smell.
(b) something that we can think of, but cannot perceive by the senses.

II.The pronoun

A Pronoun is a word, which is used instead of or in place of a noun.

Examples:

Rita did not come as she was unwell.
The books are where you left them.
Umesh failed because he was careless.
The dress is on the table where I put it.
This is the cow, which gives us milk.
All the words in italics are pronouns.

III. The Adjective

An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun or a pronoun.

Examples:
Yuvraj is a brave boy.
My uncle gave me an expensive gift.
Reena is a good girl.
India is a great country.
Partho is an intelligent student.
She is poor but happy.
All the words in italics are adjectives.

IV.The Verb

A Verb is a word used to express an action, performance or state.

Examples:
I bought a new book yesterday.
Nikhil goes to school daily.
Mumbai is a big city.
The sun rises in the east.
I saw an elephant yesterday.
All the words in italics are verbs.

V. The Adverb

An Adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Examples:
He is a very good student.
She plays well.
He worked the sum quickly.
Surely you are mistaken.
Cut it lengthwise.
All the words in italics are adverbs.

VI. The Preposition

The Preposition is a word or group of words used with a noun or pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.

Examples:
I had gone to Mumbai.
The book is on the table.
The cow sits under a tree.
He is fond of tea.
The boy ran across the road.
All the words in italics are prepositions.

VII. The Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word which joins two words,sentences or clauses .

Examples:
Partho and Sharan came to our house.
Mohan is poor hut honest.
She must weep or she will go mad.
Either take it or leave it.
It is neither useful nor ornamental.
All the words in italics are conjunctions.

VIII. The Interjection

An Interjection is a word which expresses some sentiment or sudden feeling.

Examples:
Hurrah! we have won the match.
Alas! my uncle is dead.
Oh! it is you.
Bravo! you have done well.
All the words in italics are Interjections.

Exercise

Name the Part of Speech of each italicised word in the following sentences, giving in each case your reason for the classification:

He still lives in that house.
The after effects of the drug are bad.
He told us all about the battle.
Suddenly one of the wheels came off
Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
He kept the fast for a week.
He is on the committee.
Let us move on.
The up train is late.
I will watch while you sleep.
Answer

Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb lives’.
Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘effects’.
Preposition – shows the relation between ‘all’ and ‘battle’.
Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘come’.
Verb – says something about ‘Mohammedans’.
Noun – the name of something.
Preposition – shows the relation between lie’ and ‘committee’.
Adverb – adds something to the meaning of the word ‘move’.
Adjective – adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘train’.
Conjunction – joins the two parts 1 will watch’ and ‘you sleep’.